I've just found the documentary version of "Guns Germs and Steel" (they're all on YouTube). Note the answer to the question: "How was there enough grain to fill a granary?"
- Stayed close to water sources
- Planted fields of wheat and barley around them
- They brought the resources *to* the village (including domesticated animals)
Here's the rub:
- Because the farmers could store grains, they could devote some of their time to making tools
- Their "savings" provided a subsistence fund to permit investment
- This lengthens the structure of production (you can't consume a knife - the only purpose it serves is to make it easier to produce consumer goods)
Part 5/18 6 min 52 sec - a growing population can support specialists to develop new skills/technologies (e.g. plaster from limestone - and using fire enabled people to subsequently to make steel)
"New Guinea never developed advanced technology" - still using stone tools. They couldn't develop metal tools because they didn't have sufficient farming capability to generate enough surplus to provide for the specialists that would develop new technologies.
Here's an article from The Economist:
To settle down in one place requires a reliable food supply, so the discovery of granaries is no surprise. Pits that might (or might not) have held grain have already been found, but the latest discovery is on a far grander scale. It helps confirm what had previously been suspected—that it was a technological change to the gathering half of the hunting-and-gathering lifestyle that propelled the domestication and cultivation of crops
This is the basics of economic specialisation and trade - and it's fascinating to see emerging anthropoligical evidence.
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